Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10316/27930
Title: Primary and secondary use of electric mobility batteries from a life cycle perspective
Authors: Faria, Ricardo 
Marques, Pedro 
Garcia, Rita 
Moura, Pedro 
Freire, Fausto 
Delgado, Joaquim 
Almeida, Aníbal T. de 
Keywords: Battery electric vehicles; Environmental impacts; Life-cycle assessment; Lithium-ion batteries; Stationary energy storage
Issue Date: 15-Sep-2014
Publisher: Elsevier
Citation: FARIA, Ricardo [et. al] - Primary and secondary use of electric mobility batteries from a life cycle perspective. "Journal of Power Sources". ISSN 0378-7753. Vol. 262 (2014) p. 169–177
Serial title, monograph or event: Journal of Power Sources
Volume: 262
Abstract: With age and cycling, batteries used in Electric Vehicles (EVs) will reach a point in which they will no longer be suitable for electric mobility; however, they still can be used in stationary energy storage. This article aims at assessing the Life-Cycle (LC) environmental impacts associated with the use of a battery in an EV and secondly, at assessing the LC environmental impacts/benefits of using a battery, no longer suitable for electric mobility, for energy storage in a household. Three electricity mixes with different shares of renewable, nuclear and fossil energy sources are considered. For the primary battery use, three in-vehicle use scenarios are assessed, addressing three different driving profiles. For the secondary use, two scenarios of energy storage strategies are analyzed: peak shaving and load shifting. Results show that a light use of the battery in the EV has 42–50% less impacts per km than an intensive use. After its use in the vehicle, the battery life can be extended by 1.8–3.3 years; however, this is not always beneficial from an environmental point of view, since the impacts are strongly dependent on the electricity generation mix and on the additional efficiency losses in the battery.
URI: https://hdl.handle.net/10316/27930
ISSN: 0378-7753
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.03.092
Rights: openAccess
Appears in Collections:I&D ISR - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais
FCTUC Eng.Electrotécnica - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais
FCTUC Eng.Mecânica - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais

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