Body image as a target of victimization by peers/parents: Development and validation of the Body Image Victimization Experiences Scale

Abstract

This study developed and established the psychometric properties of the Body Image Victimization Experiences Scale (BIVES). The BIVES retrospectively assesses the frequency (Part A-frequency) and effect (Part B-impact) of victimization experiences pertaining to body image, perpetrated by peers and parents/caregivers in childhood and adolescence. Distinct samples of Portuguese women were recruited in 2013-2014: two nonclinical samples of the general population (n = 1,177), aged 18-60 years, and a clinical sample of patients with Binge Eating Disorder (BED; n = 73), aged 19-59 years. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted in 632 participants. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the scale's psychometric properties were tested in 545 participants. The ability of the BIVES to discriminate the clinical from a nonclinical sample was examined. The scale presented two factors indicating the sources of the victimization-peers and parents. CFA results confirmed the scale's structure. The BIVES presented very good internal consistency, construct and discriminant validity, good test-retest reliability, and was associated with related constructs, body image shame, and eating psychopathology. The scale adequately discriminated between the clinical sample and a nonclinical sample. The BIVES is a valid and reliable measure that allows for a comprehensive assessment of body image-related victimization experiences.