Variação decenal do estado de crescimento, estatuto nutricional e desempenho motor : estudo da população jovem escolar feminina da Região Autónoma dos Açores : 1989-1999

Abstract

O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a variação decenal do estado de crescimento, o estatuto nutricional e o desenvolvimento motor dos sujeitos do sexo feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 10 e 15 anos de idade, da Região Autónoma dos Açores, em duas décadas distintas 1989 e 1999.

A amostra foi constituída pelos dados existentes no Centro de Estudos Biocinéticos da Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física da Universidade de Coimbra provenientes das edições de 1989 e 1999 do estado de crescimento. Do primeiro estudo desenvolvido por Sobral (1989) temos uma amostra de 492 sujeitos, da segunda edição temos uma amostra de 380 sujeitos (Sobral & Coelho e Silva, 2001). A avaliação antropométrica obedeceu às normas publicadas por Lohman et al. (1988), incluindo a massa corporal, estatura, altura sentado, prega tricipital, prega geminal, prega subescapular e prega suprailíaca. Com base na avaliação das medidas da massa corporal e da estatura foi possível apreciar o estado de crescimento. Foram aplicadas sete provas motoras (lançamento de bola medicinal à frente e à retaguarda, lançamento de bola de softball; sit-ups; dinamometria manual; velocidade e impulsão horizontal). Para a determinação das prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade recorremos a quatro pontos de corte (Cole et al., 2000; CDC; Must et al., 1991 com base no Índice de Massa Corporal, e Must et al., 1991, com base na prega tricipital).

Os dados 1999 mostram um incremento considerável na massa corporal (4.2 kg/década) e na estatura (2.6 cm/década). Relativamente à performance motora a prova de dinamometria manual e os sit-ups, apresentam os sujeitos de 1999 como sendo mais aptos. Contudo nas provas de impulsão horizontal e velocidade, o desempenho da amostra de 1989 é significativamente superior. A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade duplicou no período em análise. Aplicando os valores do CDC, na amostra de 1989, a prevalência de excesso de peso é de 10%, sendo de 12% aplicando os valores de corte de Cole et al. (2000) e 10% aplicando os valores de corte de Must et al. (1991) com base no Índice de Massa Corporal. Aplicando os valores de corte da prega tricipital de Must et al. (1991) a prevalência é de 6%. Volvidos dez anos, as prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade passaram a ser de acordo com os valores de corte, respectivamente, 22%; 23%, 22% e 13%.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate within a period of a decade, the growth variation, the nutritional condition and human motion development of female individuals with ages ranging from 10 to 15 years-old, from the Autonomous Region of the Azores, in two decades: 1989 and 1999. The sample consisted of the existent data in the Centre of Biocinetic Studies of the Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education of the University of Coimbra, deriving from the editions of 1989 and 1999 of the growth variation/state. From the first study, which was developed by Sobral (1989) we have a sample of 492 individuals; from the second publication there is a sample of 380 individuals (Sobral & Coelho e Silva, 2001). The anthropometric evaluation followed the norms published by Lohman et al. (1988), including the body mass, height, height when seated, tricipital skinfold thickness, geminal skinfold, subescapular skinfold and suprailiac skinfold. Based on the evaluation of the body mass calculations and height, it was possible to evaluate the process of growth. Seven physical fitness tests were applied (throwing a medicinal ball to the front and to the back, throwing a softball; sit-ups, hand-held dynamometry; speed and horizontal impulse). To determine the predominance of overweight and obesity, we turned to four cut-off points (Cole et al., 2000; CDC; Must et al., 1991 based on the Body Mass Index, and Must et al., 1991, based on the tricipital skinfold). The data of 1999 showed a considerable growth in the body mass (4.2 kg/decade) and in the height (2.6 cm/decade. As far as physical performance is concerned, the hand-held dynamometry test and sit-ups, the group of individuals from 1999 proved to be fitter. Although in the horizontal impulse and speed tests, the performance of the 1989 sample is significantly higher. The overweight predominance and obesity duplicated in the analyzed period. When applying the values of CDC, in the 1989 sample, the predominance of overweight is 10%, and 12% when we take into consideration Cole’s et al. (2000) cut-off values and 10% when the cut-off values of Must et al. (1991) were applied, based on the Body Mass Index. Applying the cut-off values of the tricipital skinfold of Must et al. (1991), the prevalence is 6%. After ten years and according to cut-off values, the prevalence of overweight and obesity were respectively 22%, 23%, 22% and 13%.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate within a period of a decade, the growth variation, the nutritional condition and human motion development of female individuals with ages ranging from 10 to 15 years-old, from the Autonomous Region of the Azores, in two decades: 1989 and 1999. The sample consisted of the existent data in the Centre of Biocinetic Studies of the Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education of the University of Coimbra, deriving from the editions of 1989 and 1999 of the growth variation/state. From the first study, which was developed by Sobral (1989) we have a sample of 492 individuals; from the second publication there is a sample of 380 individuals (Sobral & Coelho e Silva, 2001). The anthropometric evaluation followed the norms published by Lohman et al. (1988), including the body mass, height, height when seated, tricipital skinfold thickness, geminal skinfold, subescapular skinfold and suprailiac skinfold. Based on the evaluation of the body mass calculations and height, it was possible to evaluate the process of growth. Seven physical fitness tests were applied (throwing a medicinal ball to the front and to the back, throwing a softball; sit-ups, hand-held dynamometry; speed and horizontal impulse). To determine the predominance of overweight and obesity, we turned to four cut-off points (Cole et al., 2000; CDC; Must et al., 1991 based on the Body Mass Index, and Must et al., 1991, based on the tricipital skinfold). The data of 1999 showed a considerable growth in the body mass (4.2 kg/decade) and in the height (2.6 cm/decade. As far as physical performance is concerned, the hand-held dynamometry test and sit-ups, the group of individuals from 1999 proved to be fitter. Although in the horizontal impulse and speed tests, the performance of the 1989 sample is significantly higher. The overweight predominance and obesity duplicated in the analyzed period. When applying the values of CDC, in the 1989 sample, the predominance of overweight is 10%, and 12% when we take into consideration Cole’s et al. (2000) cut-off values and 10% when the cut-off values of Must et al. (1991) were applied, based on the Body Mass Index. Applying the cut-off values of the tricipital skinfold of Must et al. (1991), the prevalence is 6%. After ten years and according to cut-off values, the prevalence of overweight and obesity were respectively 22%, 23%, 22% and 13%.