The liberation struggle and the politics of heroism in Mozambique: the war veterans as remains of memory

Abstract

Following independence in 1975, a special star-shaped monument was built to house the mortal remains of Mozambique's national heroes and honour their participation and deeds during the Liberation Struggle (1964–1974). Eduardo Mondlane, Josina Machel, and Samora Machel are among those represented in this memorial. Their celebration as heroes has also materialised in the form of statues constructed throughout the country and the dedication of the years 2009 and 2011 to Eduardo Mondlane and Samora Machel, respectively. The consecration of the liberation war and the public portrayal of its heroes stand out as essential pillars in the narrative of independent Mozambique. Yet, this crucial memoryscape contrasts with the sense of erasure and abandonment felt by many former combatants. Even though low-ranking FRELIMO soldiers are deemed essential figures in the liberation struggle, the inadequate recognition of their role becomes clear from the ongoing claims for state benefits and reparations and the quest for a more democratic depiction of anticolonial heroism. Drawing on archival data – government documents, press reports, and political statements – and first-hand interviews, this chapter examines the politics of heroism and the memories of the veterans of the liberation war in post-colonial Mozambique.