Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10316/114133
Title: Characterisation of progression of macular oedema in the initial stages of diabetic retinopathy: a 3-year longitudinal study
Authors: Lobo, Conceição 
Santos, Torcato 
Marques, Inês 
Madeira, Maria H. 
Santos, Ana Rita 
Figueira, João 
Cunha-Vaz, José 
Issue Date: Feb-2023
Publisher: Springer Nature
Project: AIBILI, COMPETE Portugal2020, and the Fundo de Inovação, Tecnologia e Economia Circular (FITEC)—Programa Interface (FITEC/CIT/2018/2). 
Serial title, monograph or event: Eye (Basingstoke)
Volume: 37
Issue: 2
Abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To characterise the prevalence and three-year progression of centre-involving diabetic macular oedema (CI-DMO) in minimal to moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and measurements of retinal fluid using tissue optical reflectivity ratios (OCT-Leakage). METHODS/METHODS: Seventy-four eyes from 74 patients were followed in a 3-year prospective longitudinal observational cohort of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), OCT-Angiography (OCT-A) and OCT-Leakage (OCT-L). Eyes were examined four times with 1-year intervals. Sixteen eyes (17.8%) were excluded from the analysis due to quality control standards. Retinal oedema was measured by central retinal thickness and retinal fluid by using optical reflectivity ratios obtained with the OCT-L algorithm. Vessel density was measured by OCT-A. Thinning of the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers (GCL + IPL) was examined to identify retinal neurodegenerative changes. Diabetic retinopathy ETDRS classification was performed using the seven-field ETDRS protocol. RESULTS: CI-DMO was identified in the first visit in 9% of eyes in ETDRS groups 10–20, 10% of eyes in ETDRS group 35 and 15% of eyes in ETDRS groups 43–47. The eyes with CI-DMO and subclinical CI-DMO showed a progressive increase in retinal extracellular fluid during the 3-year period of follow-up. The eyes with CI-DMO and increased retinal extracellular fluid accumulation were associated with vision loss. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of subclinical CI-DMO and CI-DMO in the initial stages of NPDR occurs independently of severity grading of the retinopathy, showing progressive increase in retinal extracellular fluid and this increase is associated with vision loss (82% 9 out of 11 cases).
URI: https://hdl.handle.net/10316/114133
ISSN: 0950-222X
1476-5454
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-01937-3
Rights: openAccess
Appears in Collections:I&D IBILI - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais
I&D CIBB - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais
I&D ICBR - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais
FMUC Medicina - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais

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