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Title: | Development and Validation of QuEChERS Followed by UHPLC-ToF-MS Method for Determination of Multi-Mycotoxins in Pistachio Nuts | Authors: | Mateus, Ana Rita Soares Barros, Sílvia Pena, Angelina Silva, Ana Sanches |
Keywords: | mycotoxins; pistachios; Pistacia vera L.; validation; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography; time of flight mass spectrometry; EMR-lipid; z-Sep | Issue Date: | 23-Sep-2021 | Publisher: | MDPI | Project: | UIDB/00211/2020 | Serial title, monograph or event: | Molecules | Volume: | 26 | Issue: | 19 | Abstract: | Pistachios are one of the types of tree nut fruits with the highest mycotoxin contamination, especially of aflatoxins, worldwide. This study developed a Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method that was followed by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography combined with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-ToF-MS) for the determination of mycotoxins in pistachios. Different approaches to dispersive solid phase extraction as a clean-up method for high lipid matrices were evaluated. For this, classic sorbents such as C18 (octadecyl-modified silica) and PSA (primary secondary amine), and new classes of sorbents, namely EMR-Lipid (enhanced matrix removal-lipid) and Z-Sep (modified silica gel with zirconium oxide), were used. The QuEChERS method, followed by Z-Sep d-SPE clean-up, provided the best analytical performance for aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), toxin T2 (T2) and toxin HT-2 (HT2) in pistachios. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, repeatability, interday precision and recovery; it achieved good results according to criteria imposed by Commission Regulation (EC) no. 401/2006. The method was applied to real samples and the results show that pistachios that are available in Portuguese markets are safe from mycotoxins that are of concern to human health. | URI: | https://hdl.handle.net/10316/105258 | ISSN: | 1420-3049 | DOI: | 10.3390/molecules26195754 | Rights: | openAccess |
Appears in Collections: | FFUC- Artigos em Revistas Internacionais |
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