Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10316/105530
Title: Extracellular Vesicles and MicroRNA: Putative Role in Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Martins, Beatriz 
Amorim, Madania 
Reis, Flávio 
Ambrósio, António Francisco 
Fernandes, Rosa 
Keywords: diabetic retinopathy (DR); inflammation; oxidative stress; angiogenesis; extracellular vesicles; miRNA; biomarkers; antioxidants
Issue Date: 4-Aug-2020
Publisher: MDPI
Project: CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000008: BRAINHEALTH 2020 
CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012: HealthyAging2020 
UIDB/04539/2020 
UIDP/04539/2020 (CIBB) 
PTDC/SAU-NUT/31712/2017 
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440 
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031712 
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UID/NEU/04539/2019/PT 
metadata.degois.publication.title: Antioxidants
metadata.degois.publication.volume: 9
metadata.degois.publication.issue: 8
Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complex, progressive, and heterogenous retinal degenerative disease associated with diabetes duration. It is characterized by glial, neural, and microvascular dysfunction, being the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown a hallmark of the early stages. In advanced stages, there is formation of new blood vessels, which are fragile and prone to leaking. This disease, if left untreated, may result in severe vision loss and eventually legal blindness. Although there are some available treatment options for DR, most of them are targeted to the advanced stages of the disease, have some adverse effects, and many patients do not adequately respond to the treatment, which demands further research. Oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation are closely associated processes that play a critical role in the development of DR. Retinal cells communicate with each other or with another one, using cell junctions, adhesion contacts, and secreted soluble factors that can act in neighboring or long-distance cells. Another mechanism of cell communication is via secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), through exchange of material. Here, we review the current knowledge on deregulation of cell-to-cell communication through EVs, discussing the changes in miRNA expression profiling in body fluids and their role in the development of DR. Thereafter, current and promising therapeutic agents for preventing the progression of DR will be discussed.
URI: https://hdl.handle.net/10316/105530
ISSN: 2076-3921
DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080705
Rights: openAccess
Appears in Collections:I&D ICBR - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais

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