DSpace Collection:
https://hdl.handle.net/10316/21458
2024-03-26T20:52:37ZVisit and Management of Historic Gardens during COVID-19 from the Owners/Managers Perspective: Portugal as a Case Study
https://hdl.handle.net/10316/114031
Title: Visit and Management of Historic Gardens during COVID-19 from the Owners/Managers Perspective: Portugal as a Case Study
Authors: Silva, Susana; Carvalho, Paulo
Abstract: Gardens around the world, including in Portugal, were enjoying a growth in visitor
numbers before the COVID-19 pandemic. The closing of the gates was followed by an immediate
fall in visitor numbers and consequent loss of income. However, this disruptive period also acted
as a challenge and an opportunity for tourist attractions such as gardens to adapt and reinvent
themselves in the wake of new demands imposed by COVID-19, aiming to restore the trust of visitors
and maintain or increase the public’s engagement with gardens and consequently maintain its
sustainability. Taking this framework into account, the purpose of this study is to ascertain the impact
of the pandemic on visiting and managing gardens, especially in terms of the precautions applied
when they reopened and the measures taken to keep them functioning and reaching people during
this period. To accomplish this, a literature review has been carried out and a survey questionnaire
subsequently applied to the managers or owners of a selected group of Portuguese historic gardens
regarded as major tourist attractions. The findings show that a drop in visitors and income were the
immediate and the main negative impacts, having both negative and positive consequences for the
maintenance of spaces. Gardens were also able to adapt and continue to function under adverse
conditions as well as to incorporate safety requirements in their reopening periods. However, not all
gardens responded in the same way to the challenges posed by the pandemic with regard to their
relationship with the public. Two groups of gardens were recognized: one that remained passive
and took no relevant actions in this period, and another more pro-active group that implemented or
reinforced strategies to encourage visits both physical and virtual, and to strengthen their connection
with the public, particularly in the digital domain. Respondents also note that they recorded a
positive response from the public, specifically local residents. The vast majority agree that gardens
became popular places immediately after the lockdown periods; future studies on garden visitors
could consolidate this finding. In the post-COVID period, the gardens’ challenge is to maintain or
improve their connection and interaction with audiences achieved during the pandemic, especially
the national and local communities.2023-01-01T00:00:00ZThe Liberalisation of Air Transport and the Impacts on Travel and Tourism: The Case of the Azores Archipelago
https://hdl.handle.net/10316/113863
Title: The Liberalisation of Air Transport and the Impacts on Travel and Tourism: The Case of the Azores Archipelago
Authors: Silveira, Luís; Santos, Norberto; Moreira, Claudete Oliveira
Abstract: This paper intends to fill a gap by analysing the changes wrought by full air liberalisation
and its impacts on travel and tourism in the Azores archipelago. This study examines the Tourism
Planning Plan of the Autonomous Region of the Azores (POTRAA), the new air transport model and
several statistics related to air transport and tourism dynamics before and after the liberalisation,
which took place in 2015. Time series analyses were used, and the period under analysis was defined
(2013–2022). The results show that the entry of low-cost carriers (LCCs) resulted in flag carriers having
to change to keep being competitive. Furthermore, a more extensive exposure of the destination
through the LCCs created opportunities for all airlines. The results directly related to tourism include
tourist numbers increasing in inter-island, national, and international flights, new routes opening to
Europe and the USA, higher accommodation occupancy, and market diversification.2023-01-01T00:00:00ZAn Evaluation of Wildfire Vulnerability in the Wildland–Urban Interfaces of Central Portugal Using the Analytic Network Process
https://hdl.handle.net/10316/113397
Title: An Evaluation of Wildfire Vulnerability in the Wildland–Urban Interfaces of Central Portugal Using the Analytic Network Process
Authors: Nunes, Adélia N.; Figueiredo, Albano; Pinto, Carlos C.; Lourenço, Luciano Fernandes
Abstract: Vulnerability assessment is a vital component of wildfire management. This research
focuses on the evaluation of wildfire vulnerability in the Central Region of Portugal, an area historically
affected by catastrophic fire events. The overall methodology entailed applying an analytical
hierarchy process (AHP) to the relevant spatial variables for evaluating vulnerability associated with
exposure, sensitivity, and response capacity at landscape and the wildland–urban interface (WUI)
scale. Of the selected criteria, the existence of fuel in direct contact with built-up areas, population
density, and firefighters’ travel time were considered the most important criteria for inclusion in
the vulnerability map. At landscape scale, 31% of the Central Region presents high and very high
classes of vulnerability, while 22% of WUIs are classified as highly vulnerable to fire. Although the
inland areas emerge as the most vulnerable, this approach enables scattered vulnerable hotspots
to be identified in almost all of the Central Region. The results could be very helpful in terms of
developing and enhancing local policies to mitigate human and material damage.2023-01-01T00:00:00ZProjections of Cause-Specific Mortality and Demographic Changes under Climate Change in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area: A Modelling Framework
https://hdl.handle.net/10316/113378
Title: Projections of Cause-Specific Mortality and Demographic Changes under Climate Change in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area: A Modelling Framework
Authors: Rodrigues, Mónica
Abstract: Climate change and related events, such as rising temperatures and extreme weather,
threaten population health and well-being. This study quantified the impact of climate change on
temperature-related, cause-specific mortality while considering adaptations and future demographic
changes in Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal. A distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was
applied to quantify the burden of temperature-related mortality during the present (or reference,
1986–2005) scenario and a future scenario (2046–2065). There was an increase of 0.33% in temperaturerelated
excess mortality (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.59) and significantly lower all-cause deaths in the future.
These measurements were attributable to extreme cold and considered an adaptation threshold
of 1 C with no population changes, resulting in an estimated net difference of 0.15% (95% CI:
0.26 to 0.02), a threshold of 1 C with a high population scenario of 0.15% (95% CI: 0.26 to
0.01), and a threshold of 1 C with a low population scenario of 0.15% (95% CI: 0.26 to 0.01).
Moderate cold exposure under a threshold of 1 C and a high population scenario reduced future
temperature-related deaths and diabetes mellitus (1.32, 95% CI: 2.65 to 0.23). Similarly, moderate
heat exposure under a threshold of 4 C and a high population scenario had the highest increase
in net changes (6.75, 95% CI: 5.06 to 15.32). The net difference in AF% was due to ischemic heart
disease, which was the highest for moderate heat exposure with an adaptation threshold of 4 C
only. It decreased slightly with increasing adaptation levels. The most significant increase in net
differences for temperature-related excess deaths occurred in respiratory diseases and was associated
with heat. A significant decline in net differences was also observed in excess cold-related deaths due
to respiratory disease. These findings contribute to the discussion of how climate change impacts
human health. Furthermore, they can help guide and monitor adaptation policies in response to
climate change.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z